Introduction: Currently, a substance called casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate has been used as a substitute for fluoride mouthwash. This study aimed to compare the remineralization rate of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse on demineralized enamel lesions.Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, 50 samples were selected from 30 intact human premolars, halved into buccal and lingual segments, and randomly divided into five groups. Enamel health was recorded using a DIAGNOdent device and Vickers micro hardness test.Afterwards, the remineralized agents were applied to the surface of samples for two weeks as follows: 1) Control, 2) Fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse, 3) GC TOOTH mousse, 4) Sodium fluoride mouthwash and 5) Sodium fluoride mouthwash+GC TOOTH mousse. Repeatedly, enamel remineralization values were recorded via DIAGNOdent device, and data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests.Results: Our findings indicated that no significant difference was observed between remineralization rate of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse and concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse, evaluated by DIAGNOdent device (P=0.959) and Vickers micro hardness test (P=0.884).Conclusion: According to the results, application of fluoridated GC TOOTH mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC TOOTH mousse had a similar impact on remineralization of demineralized enamel lesions.

Background and purpose: Dry socket is a limiting complication with unknown etiology and acute inflammation of the alveolar bone in the extracted TOOTH socket that occurs one to three days after TOOTH EXTRACTION with severe pain due to complete or incomplete destruction of the blood clot. The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of dry socket following TOOTH EXTRACTION and its related factors. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 1199 patients aged 18-60 years in patients attending dental clinics in Sari, Iran, 2018. Patients’ satisfaction were obtained and their demographic and dental information were recorded. Within 48-72 hours after TOOTH EXTRACTION, telephone follow-up was done by 4th and 5th year dental students and senior dentists. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V24. Results: In this study, the prevalence of dry socket was 1. 1%. The most common reason for TOOTH EXTRACTION was extensive TOOTH decay and third molar was the most frequent TOOTH extracted (45. 4%). According to the analyses, those who did not brush their teeth at all were more likely to experience dry socket. Conclusion: In this study, flap technique with bone EXTRACTION and simple method resulted in highest and lowest prevalence of dry socket, respectively.

Dear Editor, There is an important point related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries and derangement due to trauma from dental EXTRACTIONs by dental students. This subject should be an utmost cause for concern for dentists and dental practitioners. Because if not treated it may become chronic. This issue has been noted by many researchers in academic dental training centers worldwide.The results of many studies in this field have shown surprisingly high prevalence rates of TMJ injuries (50-63 %) after extracting mandibular teeth by dental students (1). About 60 % of patients develop pain, clicking and limitation of mouth opening after EXTRACTION of molar teeth (2, 3). At the Azad University Dental School (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department) a similar study was done.

Introduction: The replacement of missing teeth with late dental implants has become an acceptable and standard treatment modality. However, there have been only a few studies evaluating the immediate dental implants. The aims of this study were: 1) To evaluate the possibility of inserting dental implants into EXTRACTION sockets immediately after EXTRACTION. 2) To assess osseointegration after immediate implant insertion clinically. 3) To evaluate the changes in depth and width of defects surrounding implants as well as change in distance from cover screw to alveolar crest after insertion of fixtures following immediate implantation and assess the efficacy of this method in preserving height and width of the alveolar ridge. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial which had a before-after design, five implants were inserted in 3 patients immediately following EXTRACTION of the teeth number 44, 47, 11, 14 and 23. HA coated Dyna implant systems were used in this study. At the initial stage as well as the second stage of surgery the following parameters were measured at 6 sites around each implant: width and depth of remaining defect around the neck of fixtures and the distance from the covers crew to crest. The role of baseline defect parameters on the final configuration of defects was analyzed statistically, by paired t-test and multiple regressions. Results: Defect depth and defect width showed improvements of 3.4mm (90%) and 1.8mm (94.5%) respectively which were statistically significant. Improvement in the width and depth of defects had negative correlation with baseline defect width and depth. Furthermore, the distance from alveolar crest to the cover screw at baseline had a significant influence on the reduction of the defect width at the re-entry visit. Primary stability at the insertion visit had a significant and positive effect on the remaining defect depth at the re-entry, although its effect on the defect width was positive but insignificant. Sites with primary stability showed a 10 times smaller distance from cover screw to the crest, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Insertion of immediate implants into EXTRACTION sockets using Dyna HA coated implants are clinically possible, with a predictable and successful outcome. In addition, primary stability of implants in such sites, although is not essential for clinical osseointegration, it may facilitate the bone fill in the defects around immediately inserted implants.

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of permanent teeth extracted due to periodontal disease and its relation to age, military rank, and type of extracted teeth due to periodontal and non-periodontal reasons among a group of Greek Army personnel attending a military dental practice.Materials and methods: Study population consisted of 509 officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers, aged 18 to 44 years from a military dental hospital in Greece. The reasons for EXTRACTIONs of teeth for a period of two years were obtained, including aspects such as age, military rank and the type of teeth extracted due to periodontal and non-periodontal reasons. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test.Results: The total number of extracted teeth was 1, 231, of which 34.4% were extracted because of periodontal reasons, 32.2% for dental caries and 33.4% for other reasons. The average number of extracted teeth due to periodontal disease showed an increase with age. Maxillary and mandibular first and second molars were the most frequently extracted teeth due to periodontal reasons; however, the anterior teeth of both jaws with mobility (grade III), the same teeth with attach-ment loss ( ³5.0 mm) and the posterior teeth of both jaws with furcation involvement (grade IV) were the most frequently extracted teeth due to periodontal reasons.Conclusion: Although the goal of the WHO regarding the reduction of dental caries was accomplished, periodontal dis-ease was still the main cause of TOOTH EXTRACTION and showed an increase with age.